MRI findings are similar to those with MS and NMOSD, but there may be some differences. There appears to be no overlap between individuals with anti-MOG positivity and AQP-4 positivity, although there have been some isolated cases reported using the older ELISA assay. Unlike anti-AQP4 antibodies, anti-MOG antibodies may decrease over time, and may not be detectable early in the disease process or during remission, and this is especially the case for MOG antibody disease associated ADEM. Those with persistent detection of anti-MOG may be more likely to have a relapsing rather than monophasic disease course. Only cell-based assays are considered reliable for the diagnosis of MOGAD because of the improved specificity over older ELISA tests. CSF analysis from a lumbar puncture may show increased white blood cell counts in some patients during a relapse, and oligoclonal bands are not usually found. There are blood tests that can test for MOG antibodies. NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis that can cause psychosis, issues with memory and language, and seizures. MOG antibody disease can also occur in relation to another condition called anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis. When a relapse occurs, the diagnosis of MOGAD is confirmed. In some, the MOG antibody persists, and relapses may occur. In many children, the MOG antibody disappears within 1 year, and relapses do not occur. Those with MOG antibody disease are more likely to have both optic nerves affected at the same time, and if the symptoms are in only one eye, the other optic nerve may show subclinical atrophy.Ĭhildren can be found to have the MOG antibody in the setting of ADEM however, a positive MOG antibody test in the setting of ADEM does not necessarily imply a course of MOGAD. Paraparesis (weakness) of a limb or limbs.
While the function of this glycoprotein is not exactly known, MOG is a target of the immune system in this disease. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein that is located on the surface of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) is a neurological, immune-mediated disorder in which there is inflammation in the optic nerve, spinal cord and/or brain. 5 Myths About Orphan Drugs and the Orphan Drug Act.Information on Clinical Trials and Research Studies.